{"id":23844,"date":"2026-05-13T15:43:36","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T13:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roder.it\/controles\/temperature\/thermometres-a-contact-sondes-thermocouples-pt100\/"},"modified":"2026-09-29T11:46:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T09:46:56","slug":"thermometres-a-contact-sondes-thermocouples-pt100","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/roder.it\/fr\/controles\/temperature\/thermometres-a-contact-sondes-thermocouples-pt100\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermom\u00e8tres \u00e0 contact (sondes, thermocouples, Pt100)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les thermom\u00e8tres \u00e0 contact sont des instruments de mesure de temp\u00e9rature au moyen de capteurs qui entrent en contact physique avec le milieu (solide, liquide, gaz) dont on veut d\u00e9terminer la temp\u00e9rature. Les technologies les plus r\u00e9pandues sont les thermocouples (effet Seebeck), les thermor\u00e9sistances Pt100 et Pt1000 (variation de r\u00e9sistance avec la temp\u00e9rature) et les thermistances CTN\/CTP. Les sondes sont con\u00e7ues pour des mesures de surface, d’immersion dans les liquides, de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration dans les mat\u00e9riaux, pour des applications agroalimentaires, la CVC, l’industrie pharmaceutique et la recherche scientifique. Le choix du capteur et de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de la sonde d\u00e9pend de la plage de temp\u00e9rature, de l’exactitude requise et des conditions d’utilisation. <\/p>\n

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Thermocouples<\/h2>

Les thermocouples exploitent l’effet Seebeck : deux conducteurs de m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents soud\u00e9s \u00e0 une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e8rent une tension thermo\u00e9lectrique proportionnelle \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence de temp\u00e9rature entre la soudure chaude et la soudure froide (soudure de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence). Les types les plus r\u00e9pandus sont : K (chromel-alumel, plage de -200 \u00e0 +1200 \u00b0C, le plus universel et le plus robuste) ; J (fer-constantan, -40 \u00e0 +750 \u00b0C, meilleure exactitude sur certaines plages) ; T (cuivre-constantan, -200 \u00e0 +350 \u00b0C, excellent en cryog\u00e9nie) ; et N, S, R et B pour les applications \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature. Les exactitudes typiques (classe 1) sont de \u00b11,5 \u00b0C ou \u00b10,4 % de la valeur, selon le type. La r\u00e9ponse dynamique est tr\u00e8s rapide (dixi\u00e8mes de seconde pour les thermocouples ungrounded). <\/p>

Thermor\u00e9sistances Pt100<\/h2>

Les thermor\u00e9sistances au platine (RTD, Resistance Temperature Detectors) exploitent la variation de r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lectrique du platine pur avec la temp\u00e9rature, selon la courbe normalis\u00e9e (formule de Callendar-Van Dusen). Les Pt100 (r\u00e9sistance nominale de 100 \u03a9 \u00e0 0 \u00b0C) et Pt1000 (1000 \u03a9 \u00e0 0 \u00b0C) sont les plus r\u00e9pandues. Les classes d’exactitude sont : classe A (\u00b10,15 \u00b0C \u00e0 0 \u00b0C, \u00b10,35 \u00b0C \u00e0 100 \u00b0C) ; classe B (\u00b10,3 \u00b0C \u00e0 0 \u00b0C, \u00b10,8 \u00b0C \u00e0 100 \u00b0C) ; classe AA (\u00b10,1 \u00b0C \u00e0 0 \u00b0C, haute pr\u00e9cision). La plage d’utilisation typique est de -200 \u00b0C \u00e0 +850 \u00b0C. Les Pt100 pr\u00e9sentent une stabilit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure aux thermocouples et une meilleure lin\u00e9arit\u00e9, mais une r\u00e9ponse dynamique plus lente. <\/p>

G\u00e9om\u00e9tries de sonde<\/h2>

Les sondes \u00e0 contact sont con\u00e7ues pour chaque application : sondes d’immersion (\u00e0 tige en acier inoxydable, de 50 \u00e0 1000 mm de longueur, pour des mesures dans les liquides et dans les doigts de gant) ; sondes de surface (\u00e0 \u00e9l\u00e9ment sensible de faible \u00e9paisseur pour un contact stable sur les surfaces, \u00e9galement \u00e0 pointe couteau pour des mesures rapides) ; sondes de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration (pour insertion dans les aliments, les viandes, les mat\u00e9riaux p\u00e2teux et les sols) ; sondes flexibles (\u00e0 fil blind\u00e9 de grande longueur, pour des mesures en des points difficiles d’acc\u00e8s) ; sondes \u00e0 velcro ou magn\u00e9tiques pour des applications temporaires ; sondes d\u00e9di\u00e9es (pour autoclaves, salles blanches, applications sous vide et milieux agressifs, avec gaines en PTFE, Hastelloy ou titane).<\/p>

Thermom\u00e8tres num\u00e9riques<\/h2>

Les thermom\u00e8tres num\u00e9riques int\u00e8grent l’\u00e9lectronique d’amplification, la compensation de soudure froide (pour thermocouples), la lin\u00e9arisation (pour RTD selon les courbes normalis\u00e9es), un afficheur LCD de grande lisibilit\u00e9 et des fonctions avanc\u00e9es : double voie (pour des mesures diff\u00e9rentielles T1-T2), m\u00e9moire des derni\u00e8res mesures, statistiques, seuils d’alarme, sortie de donn\u00e9es USB\/Bluetooth et logiciel PC de gestion et d’archivage. Les exactitudes des instruments haut de gamme sont de \u00b10,2 \u00b0C sur Pt100 (instrument compris) et de \u00b10,5 \u00b0C sur thermocouple K. La r\u00e9solution typique de l’afficheur est de 0,1 \u00b0C. <\/p>

Applications<\/h2>

Les applications sont vari\u00e9es : industrie agroalimentaire et HACCP (contr\u00f4le de temp\u00e9rature en transport, en stockage et en cuisine professionnelle) ; industrie pharmaceutique (validation d’autoclaves, de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateurs et d’environnements contr\u00f4l\u00e9s BPF) ; industrie chimique et p\u00e9trochimique (contr\u00f4le de la temp\u00e9rature de proc\u00e9d\u00e9) ; CVC et installations thermiques (contr\u00f4le du d\u00e9part et du retour des syst\u00e8mes de chauffage et de rafra\u00eechissement) ; maintenance m\u00e9canique (mesure de la temp\u00e9rature de roulements, de moteurs et de r\u00e9ducteurs) ; recherche et laboratoire ; m\u00e9decine (mesure de la temp\u00e9rature corporelle avec des sondes d\u00e9di\u00e9es, certifi\u00e9es DDM).<\/p>

Normes et \u00e9talonnage<\/h2>

Les normes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sont : IEC 60584 (thermocouples : partie 1 types, partie 2 tol\u00e9rances, partie 3 c\u00e2bles de prolongation) ; IEC 60751 (Pt100\/Pt1000) ; EN 13485 (thermom\u00e8tres agroalimentaires HACCP). L’\u00e9talonnage p\u00e9riodique s’effectue avec des bains thermostat\u00e9s, des fours \u00e0 puits sec (dry-well calibrator) et des fours \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature, avec certificats ISO 17025. Les p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9s d’\u00e9talonnage typiques sont annuelles pour les applications de contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 formel et biennales pour les applications g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thermom\u00e8tres num\u00e9riques \u00e0 sonde avec thermocouples K\/J\/T et Pt100 pour mesures de surface, d’immersion et de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19445,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23844","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nThermom\u00e8tres \u00e0 contact (sondes, thermocouples, Pt100) - RODER SRL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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