<\/div>\n
M\u00e9thode Leeb<\/h2>
La m\u00e9thode Leeb repose sur le rebond dynamique d’un petit corps de frappe (impact body) de masse connue muni d’une bille en carbure de tungst\u00e8ne : un ressort calibr\u00e9 le projette contre la surface de la pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 une vitesse d\u00e9finie et, apr\u00e8s l’impact, il rebondit \u00e0 une vitesse r\u00e9duite. La perte de vitesse (\u00e9nergie absorb\u00e9e par la pi\u00e8ce lors de la d\u00e9formation plastique) est corr\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 la duret\u00e9 : les pi\u00e8ces tendres absorbent beaucoup d’\u00e9nergie (rebond faible), les pi\u00e8ces dures en absorbent peu (rebond \u00e9lev\u00e9). Le rapport v_rebound\/v_impact multipli\u00e9 par 1000 donne la valeur HL (Leeb Hardness). Il existe diff\u00e9rents dispositifs de frappe (D, DL, C, G, S, E) de masses et de g\u00e9om\u00e9tries diff\u00e9rentes, couvrant des pi\u00e8ces de dimensions diff\u00e9rentes et des plages de duret\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes. <\/p>
M\u00e9thode UCI<\/h2>
La m\u00e9thode UCI (Ultrasonic Contact Impedance) utilise une sonde munie d’un petit p\u00e9n\u00e9trateur Vickers (pyramide \u00e0 base carr\u00e9e en diamant) vibrant \u00e0 sa fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9sonance (typiquement 78 kHz). Lorsque le p\u00e9n\u00e9trateur appuie contre la pi\u00e8ce sous une charge d\u00e9finie, l’aire de contact influe sur la fr\u00e9quence de r\u00e9sonance, qui diminue en fonction de la duret\u00e9 (pi\u00e8ces tendres : aire de contact plus grande, fr\u00e9quence r\u00e9duite). L’instrument mesure le d\u00e9calage de fr\u00e9quence et le convertit en valeur de duret\u00e9 HV (Vickers). La petite dimension de l’empreinte UCI (quelques dizaines de \u00b5m) permet des mesures sur structures soud\u00e9es, zones affect\u00e9es thermiquement (ZAT), rev\u00eatements et composants de faible \u00e9paisseur. <\/p>
Caract\u00e9ristiques et conversions<\/h2>
Les durom\u00e8tres portables modernes int\u00e8grent : la conversion automatique de l’\u00e9chelle primaire (HL ou HV) vers d’autres \u00e9chelles (HRC, HRB, HB, HV, r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction estim\u00e9e \u03c3R) selon les tables ASTM E140 et DIN 50150, avec un avertissement sur les limites de validit\u00e9 de la conversion (qui d\u00e9pendent du mat\u00e9riau et de la plage) ; la compensation automatique de la direction d’essai (verticale vers le bas, horizontale, vers le haut – le rebond Leeb varie avec la direction) ; des statistiques sur des lots de mesures ; des seuils GO\/NOGO ; une sortie de donn\u00e9es Bluetooth\/USB ; un logiciel PC pour l’analyse avanc\u00e9e.<\/p>
Applications<\/h2>
Les durom\u00e8tres Leeb sont utilis\u00e9s pour : le contr\u00f4le de duret\u00e9 sur pi\u00e8ces de fonderie, pi\u00e8ces forg\u00e9es de grandes dimensions, arbres, engrenages, structures soud\u00e9es (v\u00e9rification de la ZAT), appareils \u00e0 pression, constructions navales et ferroviaires, conduites et tuyauteries, et la maintenance d’organes m\u00e9caniques en service. Les durom\u00e8tres UCI sont particuli\u00e8rement appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s pour : le contr\u00f4le de soudures (cartographie de la zone affect\u00e9e thermiquement), les composants minces (o\u00f9 Leeb exigerait des masses non disponibles), les rev\u00eatements \u00e9pais (chromages durs, zingages), les engrenages \u00e0 petites dents et les ensembles vis-boulons \u00e0 degr\u00e9 de duret\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9. <\/p>
Normes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/h2>
Les normes principales sont : ISO 16859 (m\u00e9thode d’essai de duret\u00e9 Leeb), ASTM A956 (\u00e9quivalent am\u00e9ricain) ; DIN 50159 (essai de duret\u00e9 UCI). Pour la conversion entre \u00e9chelles : ISO 18265 et ASTM E140. L’\u00e9talonnage des durom\u00e8tres portables utilise des blocs de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence certifi\u00e9s ISO 17025 dont la valeur de duret\u00e9 est connue dans les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles (HRC, HB, HV). La v\u00e9rification des performances et le contr\u00f4le de la pointe (pour l’UCI) sont prescrits par la norme. Le personnel qui r\u00e9alise des inspections par m\u00e9thodes CND doit \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9 (niveau 1, 2, 3 selon ISO 9712). <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Durom\u00e8tres portables \u00e0 rebond Leeb et \u00e0 indentation ultrasonore pour mesure sur grandes pi\u00e8ces et en service.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":26358,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23561","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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