{"id":23525,"date":"2026-05-13T15:42:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T13:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roder.it\/durometres-irhd-et-micro-irhd\/"},"modified":"2026-10-05T21:17:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T19:17:56","slug":"durometres-irhd-et-micro-irhd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/roder.it\/fr\/controles\/durete-des-materiaux\/durometres-irhd-et-micro-irhd\/","title":{"rendered":"Durom\u00e8tres IRHD et micro-IRHD"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les durom\u00e8tres IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) et micro-IRHD sont des instruments sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la mesure de duret\u00e9 des caoutchoucs, particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9s aux pi\u00e8ces de petites dimensions, aux faibles \u00e9paisseurs, aux joints toriques, aux joints miniaturis\u00e9s et aux \u00e9prouvettes sur lesquelles les m\u00e9thodes Shore traditionnelles ne sont pas applicables en raison de leur charge relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9e. La m\u00e9thode IRHD repose sur la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d’une bille en acier sous charge contr\u00f4l\u00e9e, avec mesure de la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration diff\u00e9rentielle entre une charge initiale et une charge principale ; l’\u00e9chelle IRHD est corr\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 la Shore A pour les caoutchoucs de duret\u00e9 moyenne, mais son principe diff\u00e9rent permet des mesures sur \u00e9prouvettes petites et minces. <\/p>\n

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Le principe IRHD<\/h2>

Le principe d’essai pr\u00e9voit l’application d’une charge initiale de quelques grammes (r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de position z\u00e9ro), suivie de l’application d’une charge principale (charge additionnelle) sous laquelle la bille p\u00e9n\u00e8tre davantage dans le mat\u00e9riau. La diff\u00e9rence de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration entre les deux conditions est lue par l’instrument et convertie en valeur IRHD par une fonction d’\u00e9talonnage normalis\u00e9e. Le syst\u00e8me diff\u00e9rentiel (charge initiale, charge principale) \u00e9limine l’influence de l’\u00e9paisseur de l’\u00e9prouvette et des d\u00e9formations pr\u00e9alables, ce qui rend la m\u00e9thode robuste m\u00eame sur des pi\u00e8ces minces (jusqu’\u00e0 1-2 mm) et sur des g\u00e9om\u00e9tries non planes. <\/p>

\u00c9chelles IRHD<\/h2>

Les \u00e9chelles principales sont : IRHD-N (normale, bille de 2,5 mm de diam\u00e8tre, charge initiale 30 cN, charge principale 540 cN, pour caoutchoucs de duret\u00e9 standard 30-95 IRHD) ; IRHD-H (caoutchoucs durs, bille de 1 mm) ; IRHD-L (caoutchoucs tendres, bille de 5 mm) ; et IRHD-M (micro, bille de 0,395 mm, charge initiale 8,3 mN, charge principale 145 mN, pour pi\u00e8ces petites et minces telles que les joints toriques miniaturis\u00e9s). L’\u00e9chelle IRHD-M autorise des mesures sur \u00e9prouvettes de 2 mm d’\u00e9paisseur seulement, application difficilement r\u00e9alisable avec les m\u00e9thodes Shore standard. <\/p>

Instruments<\/h2>

Les durom\u00e8tres IRHD sont majoritairement des appareils d’\u00e9tabli motoris\u00e9s, \u00e0 charge appliqu\u00e9e m\u00e9caniquement ou pneumatiquement, dot\u00e9s d’un syst\u00e8me de mesure de la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution (LVDT ou capacitif, 0,001 mm) et d’un afficheur num\u00e9rique de la valeur IRHD calcul\u00e9e. Les mod\u00e8les IRHD-M sont compacts, avec un syst\u00e8me optique de centrage de l’\u00e9prouvette sous la bille, indispensable pour les \u00e9prouvettes tr\u00e8s petites. Il existe des mod\u00e8les multi-\u00e9chelles, \u00e0 changement rapide de p\u00e9n\u00e9trateur et \u00e9talonnage de la charge, couvrant toutes les \u00e9chelles dans un seul instrument. L’\u00e9talonnage p\u00e9riodique fait appel \u00e0 des blocs de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en caoutchouc normalis\u00e9 certifi\u00e9s ISO 17025. <\/p>

Applications<\/h2>

Les durom\u00e8tres IRHD servent au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 de joints toriques et de joints de petites dimensions (ol\u00e9ohydraulique, automobile, emballage pharmaceutique), d’articles m\u00e9dicaux en caoutchouc silicone (cath\u00e9ters, valves, tubulures), de joints techniques de pr\u00e9cision, de m\u00e9langes sp\u00e9ciaux en R&D, ainsi que de bagues d’\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 et de joints miniaturis\u00e9s. L’\u00e9chelle IRHD-M est particuli\u00e8rement demand\u00e9e pour les articles de tr\u00e8s petites dimensions o\u00f9 la m\u00e9thode Shore n’est pas applicable. La caract\u00e9risation de nouveaux compounds en laboratoire de R&D fait souvent appel \u00e0 l’IRHD, en raison de la robustesse de la m\u00e9thode sur des \u00e9prouvettes de dimensions limit\u00e9es. <\/p>

Normes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/h2>

La norme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est l’ISO 48 (parties 1-9), qui d\u00e9finit les m\u00e9thodes d’essai (IRHD-N, M, L, H, et CM\/CL\/CN pour applications sp\u00e9cifiques), la pr\u00e9paration des \u00e9prouvettes, les conditions d’essai, l’\u00e9talonnage et la reproductibilit\u00e9. Les parties ISO 48-2 et ISO 48-3 d\u00e9taillent l’IRHD-M pour le micro-essai. La corr\u00e9lation entre l’\u00e9chelle IRHD et la Shore A est approximative (1 IRHD \u2248 1 Shore A pour des caoutchoucs de duret\u00e9 30-90), mais les \u00e9chelles ne sont pas interchangeables et les valeurs doivent \u00eatre rapport\u00e9es avec l’\u00e9chelle d’origine. <\/p>

Crit\u00e8res de choix<\/h2>

Le choix du durom\u00e8tre IRHD d\u00e9pend de la plage de duret\u00e9 attendue (afin de choisir entre les \u00e9chelles N, L, H et M), des dimensions minimales de l’\u00e9prouvette (IRHD-M pour les pi\u00e8ces tr\u00e8s petites), de l’exactitude requise (les mod\u00e8les de laboratoire haut de gamme atteignent des exactitudes de \u00b11 IRHD) et des besoins d’automatisation et de gestion des donn\u00e9es du laboratoire.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Durom\u00e8tres IRHD pour caoutchouc selon l’ISO 48, pour mesures sur pi\u00e8ces petites et minces.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":26358,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23525","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDurom\u00e8tres IRHD et micro-IRHD - RODER SRL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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