<\/div>\n
Capteurs capacitifs<\/h2>
Les capteurs capacitifs mesurent la variation de capacit\u00e9 entre une \u00e9lectrode du capteur et la cible conductrice. Ils offrent une r\u00e9solution nanom\u00e9trique, une bande passante jusqu’\u00e0 100 kHz et une plage typique de 50-500 \u03bcm. Ils servent aux mesures sans contact de tr\u00e8s haute pr\u00e9cision sur surfaces conductrices, par exemple en outillage de haute pr\u00e9cision, dans les semi-conducteurs et pour les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences m\u00e9trologiques. Ils exigent un environnement propre, car ils sont sensibles \u00e0 la poussi\u00e8re, \u00e0 l’humidit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la contamination. <\/p>
Capteurs \u00e0 courants de Foucault<\/h2>
Les capteurs \u00e0 courants de Foucault g\u00e9n\u00e8rent un champ magn\u00e9tique haute fr\u00e9quence au moyen d’une bobine ; le champ induit des courants de Foucault dans la cible m\u00e9tallique, qui s’opposent au champ initial et modifient ainsi l’imp\u00e9dance de la bobine. La mesure de cette imp\u00e9dance fournit la distance. Leurs avantages : insensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la contamination (huile, eau, poussi\u00e8re) et fonctionnement en milieux extr\u00eames (hautes temp\u00e9ratures, vide), avec une plage typique de 0,4-80 mm et des r\u00e9solutions de 0,01-0,1 \u03bcm. <\/p>
Autres technologies<\/h2>
Les capteurs magn\u00e9tostrictifs exploitent l’effet Wiedemann sur une tige ferromagn\u00e9tique : une impulsion de courant engendre une onde m\u00e9canique qui, intercept\u00e9e par un aimant mobile, produit un signal de position absolu. La plage atteint plusieurs m\u00e8tres, avec une r\u00e9p\u00e9tabilit\u00e9 de l’ordre du \u03bcm. Les capteurs interf\u00e9rom\u00e9triques utilisent l’interf\u00e9rence optique pour des mesures subnanom\u00e9triques sur de faibles courses. Les capteurs confocaux chromatiques exploitent la dispersion chromatique pour mesurer la distance et l’\u00e9paisseur de mat\u00e9riaux transparents. <\/p>
Applications<\/h2>
Les applications typiques comprennent le contr\u00f4le de pr\u00e9cision sur outillages et broches, les mesures de faux-rond de haute pr\u00e9cision, la surveillance de vibrations lentes dans les machines, les mesures dimensionnelles de composants microm\u00e9caniques, la R&D en optique et photonique, les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de nanotechnologies, l’\u00e9talonnage d’autres instruments, la maintenance pr\u00e9visionnelle de roulements et les mesures sur composants semi-conducteurs. Les exigences d’environnement (temp\u00e9rature ma\u00eetris\u00e9e, blindage CEM, faibles vibrations) sont souvent s\u00e9v\u00e8res. <\/p>
Crit\u00e8res de choix<\/h2>
Le choix de la technologie d\u00e9pend de la plage de mesure, de la r\u00e9solution requise, de la bande passante n\u00e9cessaire, de la nature de la cible (conductrice, isolante, ferromagn\u00e9tique, transparente), du milieu de travail (temp\u00e9rature, contamination, vide) et de la disponibilit\u00e9 d’une surface propre et parall\u00e8le. Pour les applications de nanom\u00e9trologie, une assistance technique est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement recommand\u00e9e, afin de garantir l’int\u00e9gration correcte du capteur et le respect des sp\u00e9cifications d\u00e9clar\u00e9es sur toute la cha\u00eene de mesure. <\/p>
L’int\u00e9gration de ces capteurs dans des cha\u00eenes de mesure num\u00e9riques \u00e0 grande vitesse autorise des applications de m\u00e9trologie en ligne, de contr\u00f4le dimensionnel dynamique et de diagnostic avanc\u00e9, o\u00f9 l’association d’une haute r\u00e9solution et d’une large bande passante permet de d\u00e9tecter des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes transitoires normalement invisibles aux instruments classiques.<\/p>\n\n
Les industries des semi-conducteurs, de la micro\u00e9lectronique et des nanotechnologies font un large usage de ces capteurs pour qualifier des composants, ma\u00eetriser des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de d\u00e9p\u00f4t et v\u00e9rifier les tol\u00e9rances dimensionnelles des dispositifs MEMS, o\u00f9 les sp\u00e9cifications dimensionnelles atteignent des niveaux qui exigent des moyens de qualification aux performances les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>
L’\u00e9talonnage de ces capteurs exige des environnements ma\u00eetris\u00e9s (salles \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature stabilis\u00e9e, isolation des vibrations, blindage \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique) et l’emploi de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences primaires telles que des interf\u00e9rom\u00e8tres laser de m\u00e9trologie, certifi\u00e9s selon des proc\u00e9dures d’\u00e9talonnage ISO 17025 par des laboratoires accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s pour la m\u00e9trologie dimensionnelle de haute pr\u00e9cision.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Capteurs pour la mesure de d\u00e9placement, de vibration lente et de positionnement de haute pr\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19317,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23380","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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