<\/div>\n
Architecture<\/h2>
Un banc d’essai manuel type comprend : un socle robuste (en aluminium ou en acier), une colonne verticale rigide (sur les mod\u00e8les verticaux) ou une table horizontale, un dynamom\u00e8tre mont\u00e9 sur le chariot mobile ou sur l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 fixe, et un m\u00e9canisme d’entra\u00eenement manuel (vis et \u00e9crou, levier, volant) qui d\u00e9place le chariot et applique la charge \u00e0 l’\u00e9prouvette. Le syst\u00e8me peut \u00eatre gradu\u00e9 pour lire le d\u00e9placement m\u00e9canique en mm ou en fractions. La rigidit\u00e9 du banc est d\u00e9terminante pour l’exactitude de la mesure : les d\u00e9formations \u00e9lastiques de la structure engendrent des erreurs de mesure de force sur les \u00e9prouvettes les moins souples. <\/p>
Charges et applications<\/h2>
Les bancs manuels couvrent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des charges jusqu’\u00e0 500-2500 N. L’entra\u00eenement manuel demande un effort proportionnel \u00e0 la charge ; au-del\u00e0 de 1 kN, il devient physiquement exigeant. La vitesse d’application de la charge varie (elle d\u00e9pend de l’op\u00e9rateur) et n’est pas ma\u00eetris\u00e9e : cela limite la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9aliser des essais conformes \u00e0 des normes exigeant une vitesse d’essai d\u00e9termin\u00e9e (par exemple l’ISO 6892 pour la traction des m\u00e9taux). Les bancs manuels conviennent donc aux essais qualitatifs, comparatifs et de pr\u00e9s\u00e9lection, et non aux certifications formelles de mat\u00e9riaux. <\/p>
Types d’essais<\/h2>
Les bancs manuels servent \u00e0 : des essais de traction sur ressorts, bandes \u00e9lastiques et \u00e9lastiques ; des essais de compression sur ressorts et caoutchoucs ; des essais d’arrachement sur sertissages \u00e9lectriques (avec accessoires d\u00e9di\u00e9s) ; des essais d’ouverture et de fermeture de bouchons et de capsules (avec cap testers) ; des essais ergonomiques sur boutons et leviers de commande ; des essais d’extraction de composants emmanch\u00e9s ; des essais de d\u00e9laminage de stratifi\u00e9s ; des essais de r\u00e9sistance des scellages. Il existe des accessoires d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque application : mors, crochets, pinces, mandrins et supports horizontaux pour c\u00e2bles et fils. <\/p>
Mesure de d\u00e9placement<\/h2>
Les bancs les plus complets int\u00e8grent un syst\u00e8me de mesure de d\u00e9placement (codeur optique, r\u00e8gle magn\u00e9tique, vis microm\u00e9trique \u00e0 cadran) qui permet d’enregistrer simultan\u00e9ment la force (au dynamom\u00e8tre) et le d\u00e9placement (au banc). Les donn\u00e9es combin\u00e9es force-d\u00e9placement permettent de tracer des courbes d’essai utiles aux analyses avanc\u00e9es (module d’\u00e9lasticit\u00e9, d\u00e9formation \u00e0 la limite d’\u00e9lasticit\u00e9, \u00e9nergie absorb\u00e9e). Les mod\u00e8les dot\u00e9s d’une interface logicielle PC affichent la courbe en temps r\u00e9el et \u00e9ditent des rapports d’essai. <\/p>
Crit\u00e8res de choix<\/h2>
Le choix du banc manuel d\u00e9pend de la charge maximale n\u00e9cessaire, de la direction d’essai (verticale ou horizontale), de la course utile requise (pour les \u00e9prouvettes longues), de la rigidit\u00e9 m\u00e9canique (pour des mesures exactes sur \u00e9prouvettes rigides), de la compatibilit\u00e9 avec le dynamom\u00e8tre utilis\u00e9, de la pr\u00e9sence d’un syst\u00e8me int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de mesure du d\u00e9placement et de la disponibilit\u00e9 d’accessoires pour l’application vis\u00e9e. Pour des essais r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs sur de grandes s\u00e9ries d’\u00e9prouvettes, il convient d’\u00e9valuer l’investissement dans un banc motoris\u00e9, qui r\u00e9duit la fatigue de l’op\u00e9rateur et garantit une vitesse constante. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bancs d’essai manuels verticaux et horizontaux pour dynamom\u00e8tres, essais de traction et de compression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19381,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22565","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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