<\/div>\n
CO2 et ventilation<\/h2>
Le CO2 \u00e9mis par la respiration humaine est l’indicateur le plus simple et le plus fiable de la qualit\u00e9 de la ventilation d’un local : en l’absence de ventilation suffisante, le CO2 s’accumule et atteint des valeurs qui traduisent un renouvellement d’air insuffisant. Les valeurs de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sont : air ext\u00e9rieur 400-450 ppm ; local bien ventil\u00e9 < 800 ppm ; local correctement ventil\u00e9 800-1000 ppm ; seuil de vigilance 1000-1500 ppm (baisse de concentration, somnolence) ; seuil critique > 1500-2000 ppm (fatigue, maux de t\u00eate). Les capteurs NDIR pour le CO2 sont stables et pr\u00e9cis, avec une \u00e9tendue de mesure typique de 0 \u00e0 5000 ppm. <\/p>
COV et contaminants chimiques<\/h2>
Les Compos\u00e9s Organiques Volatils (COV) proviennent des mat\u00e9riaux de construction, des peintures, du mobilier, des produits d’entretien, des parfums d’ambiance et des activit\u00e9s industrielles ou de laboratoire. Ils se mesurent avec des capteurs PID (Photo Ionization Detector) pour les COV totaux, avec une \u00e9tendue typique de 0 \u00e0 10 000 ppb (parties par milliard). Des contaminants particuliers comme le formald\u00e9hyde (lib\u00e9r\u00e9 par les panneaux de MDF et le mobilier bon march\u00e9) se mesurent avec des capteurs d\u00e9di\u00e9s. Les seuils de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l’OMS et de l’ISO 16000-2 sont : TVOC < 300 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 (excellent), 300-1000 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 (bon), > 3000 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 (m\u00e9diocre). Pour le formald\u00e9hyde, la limite de l’OMS est de 0,1 mg\/m\u00b3 (= 80 ppb). <\/p>
Particules (PM)<\/h2>
Les particules en suspension (PM – Particulate Matter) sont class\u00e9es par taille : PM10 (particules < 10 \u00b5m, fraction respirable), PM2,5 (< 2,5 \u00b5m, fraction trach\u00e9o-bronchique), PM1 (< 1 \u00b5m, alv\u00e9olaire profonde – la plus nocive). Les capteurs laser pour la QAI utilisent le principe de la diffusion laser : un faisceau laser traverse le flux d’air et les particules diffusent la lumi\u00e8re proportionnellement \u00e0 leur taille ; un photod\u00e9tecteur compte les impulsions et classe les particules par taille. Les limites r\u00e9glementaires environnementales (OMS, EU AAQD) sont : PM10 25 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 en moyenne journali\u00e8re ; PM2,5 15 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 en moyenne annuelle (ligne directrice OMS 2021, plus stricte \u00e0 5 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3). <\/p>
Applications<\/h2>
Les applications de QAI se sont fortement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es apr\u00e8s la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 : surveillance des \u00e9coles, cr\u00e8ches et universit\u00e9s (avec affichage en direct du CO2 pour g\u00e9rer la ventilation naturelle) ; bureaux (pour le confort et la productivit\u00e9 des salari\u00e9s – WELL Building Standard) ; h\u00f4pitaux et cliniques (pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des patients) ; logements (pour le bien-\u00eatre des occupants, avec des syst\u00e8mes domotiques int\u00e9gr\u00e9s) ; industrie pharmaceutique et laboratoires (pour les environnements contr\u00f4l\u00e9s) ; audits \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques (suivi de la QAI en lien avec les consommations) ; certifications de bien-\u00eatre environnemental (LEED, BREEAM, WELL).<\/p>
Int\u00e9gration et affichage<\/h2>
Les moniteurs de QAI modernes offrent des afficheurs graphiques couleur, une int\u00e9gration au smartphone par Bluetooth\/Wi-Fi, des tableaux de bord dans le cloud pour visualiser des parcs de capteurs r\u00e9partis, des alarmes configurables et une int\u00e9gration aux syst\u00e8mes GTB permettant d’enclencher automatiquement la ventilation m\u00e9canique en fonction des valeurs mesur\u00e9es. Les mod\u00e8les professionnels sont certifi\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiquement avec une exactitude d\u00e9clar\u00e9e pour chaque param\u00e8tre ; les mod\u00e8les grand public donnent des indications qualitatives (feu rouge\/vert) \u00e0 usage informatif et non scientifique. La conformit\u00e9 aux normes du secteur (ISO 16000) garantit la comparabilit\u00e9 des mesures. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Instruments de mesure des param\u00e8tres de confort int\u00e9rieur : CO2, COV, particules, HR, temp\u00e9rature.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19493,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22233","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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