<\/div>\n
Principes de mesure sans contact<\/h2>
Les techniques les plus r\u00e9pandues sont : la triangulation laser, dans laquelle un faisceau collimat\u00e9 est projet\u00e9 sur la cible et l’image r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie est acquise par un capteur CMOS\/CCD plac\u00e9 selon un certain angle, la distance \u00e9tant d\u00e9duite de la position du point sur la barrette ; le temps de vol (ToF), qui mesure le temps de vol d’une impulsion lumineuse modul\u00e9e en phase ou en amplitude ; l’interf\u00e9rom\u00e9trie laser pour les mesures de tr\u00e8s haute r\u00e9solution ; les capteurs confocaux chromatiques, qui utilisent la dispersion chromatique pour mesurer la distance et l’\u00e9paisseur de mat\u00e9riaux transparents ; les capteurs capacitifs et inductifs pour les applications \u00e0 courte port\u00e9e en environnement industriel.<\/p>
Types d’instruments<\/h2>
La section comprend les t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e8tres laser portatifs pour les mesures rapides sur chantier et en industrie, les capteurs laser de distance industriels (triangulation et ToF) pour l’int\u00e9gration sur machines et installations, les capteurs de position et de d\u00e9placement haute r\u00e9solution (capacitifs, inductifs, \u00e0 courants de Foucault) pour les applications de pr\u00e9cision, les d\u00e9tecteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s de trous et de discontinuit\u00e9s sur bandes en d\u00e9filement (punch hole detection), ainsi que les lignes laser et les niveaux pour l’alignement et le tra\u00e7age. Chaque famille couvre des plages, des r\u00e9solutions et des classes d’exactitude diff\u00e9rentes, selon le secteur d’emploi. <\/p>
Applications industrielles<\/h2>
Les capteurs sans contact sont employ\u00e9s dans la mesure continue de produits en extrusion, laminage, tr\u00e9filage et calandrage, dans le contr\u00f4le de position de robots et d’actionneurs en robotique industrielle, dans la v\u00e9rification de niveau dans les cuves et les tr\u00e9mies, dans le positionnement de ponts roulants et de chariots industriels, dans la maintenance pr\u00e9dictive de machines tournantes pour la mesure de faux-rond, et dans la d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts ponctuels sur bandes continues (stratifi\u00e9s, films plastiques, non-tiss\u00e9s). L’int\u00e9gration de plusieurs capteurs permet la reconstruction tridimensionnelle de profils complexes. <\/p>
S\u00e9curit\u00e9 laser et r\u00e9glementation<\/h2>
L’emploi de sources laser est r\u00e9gi par la norme IEC 60825-1, qui d\u00e9finit les classes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, 4) et les mesures de protection exig\u00e9es. Les capteurs industriels appartiennent principalement aux classes 1 et 2, intrins\u00e8quement s\u00fbres. Pour le marquage CE et l’emploi en environnement class\u00e9 s’appliquent la norme EN 60204-1 (s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique des machines) et, pour les atmosph\u00e8res explosives, la directive ATEX 2014\/34\/UE. Les sp\u00e9cifications des capteurs suivent en outre la norme VDI\/VDE 2634 pour la mesure optique de forme et de dimension. <\/p>
Crit\u00e8res de s\u00e9lection<\/h2>
Le choix du capteur appropri\u00e9 d\u00e9pend de la plage de mesure, de la r\u00e9solution requise, de la bande d’acquisition (Hz\/kHz), des caract\u00e9ristiques de la surface \u00e0 mesurer (r\u00e9flectivit\u00e9, rugosit\u00e9, couleur, g\u00e9om\u00e9trie), de l’environnement de travail (temp\u00e9rature, poussi\u00e8res, vibrations), de l’interface de sortie (analogique, num\u00e9rique, bus de terrain) et des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Dans les pages filles, chaque technologie est approfondie avec ses param\u00e8tres typiques et des indications d’application. <\/p>
La s\u00e9lection d’un syst\u00e8me de mesure doit tenir compte du compromis entre pr\u00e9cision, rapidit\u00e9, complexit\u00e9 d’int\u00e9gration et co\u00fbt du cycle de vie. Un syst\u00e8me correctement dimensionn\u00e9 r\u00e9duit non seulement les rebuts et augmente la productivit\u00e9, mais il g\u00e9n\u00e8re aussi des donn\u00e9es de process qui alimentent les syst\u00e8mes d’analytique de l’entreprise et permettent des logiques de maintenance pr\u00e9dictive. Le choix technologique doit toujours \u00eatre valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 sur l’\u00e9chantillon r\u00e9el, comprenant une analyse MSA (Measurement System Analysis), un Gage R&R et le calcul de l’incertitude \u00e9largie selon le GUM. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Capteurs et instruments pour la mesure sans contact de distance, de position et de d\u00e9placement, y compris pour l’int\u00e9gration en ligne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":18002,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19317","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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