<\/div>\n
Sensores utilizados<\/h2>
Los sensores m\u00e1s extendidos son: electroqu\u00edmicos para O2, CO, NOx, SO2 e H2 (compactos, exactos para aplicaciones industriales est\u00e1ndar, con una vida \u00fatil de 1 a 3 a\u00f1os tras la cual deben sustituirse); NDIR para CO2 e hidrocarburos (duraci\u00f3n pr\u00e1cticamente ilimitada, sin degradaci\u00f3n); paramagn\u00e9ticos para O2 de alta precisi\u00f3n; termorresistivos para HC (sensores de hidrocarburos inquemados); termopar de tipo K para la temperatura de humos (rango hasta 1200 \u00b0C). Los sensores est\u00e1n protegidos por filtros de part\u00edculas y de condensados, con sistemas de purga autom\u00e1tica del condensado acumulado. <\/p>
C\u00e1lculos autom\u00e1ticos<\/h2>
Conocido el tipo de combustible (gas natural, gas\u00f3leo, GLP, biomasa, carb\u00f3n, etc.), el analizador calcula autom\u00e1ticamente: el rendimiento de combusti\u00f3n \u03b7 (rendimiento del proceso de combusti\u00f3n, % – normalmente 85-95 % en calderas modernas); las p\u00e9rdidas por chimenea (% de calor disipado con los humos); el exceso de aire \u03bb (relaci\u00f3n entre el aire real y el aire estequiom\u00e9trico – valor \u00f3ptimo de 1,1 a 1,4 para la mayor\u00eda de los combustibles); la relaci\u00f3n CO\/CO2 (indicador de combusti\u00f3n completa o incompleta); valores normalizados para su comparaci\u00f3n con los l\u00edmites reglamentarios. La base de datos de combustibles integrada es amplia y personalizable. <\/p>
Inspecciones peri\u00f3dicas obligatorias<\/h2>
En Italia, el Decreto del Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica 74\/2013 regula las inspecciones peri\u00f3dicas obligatorias de las instalaciones t\u00e9rmicas de calefacci\u00f3n de edificios (calderas y otros generadores). La inspecci\u00f3n comprende mediciones de la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica (con analizador de combusti\u00f3n) y de los par\u00e1metros de emisi\u00f3n, con una periodicidad que var\u00eda seg\u00fan la potencia de la instalaci\u00f3n y el combustible (normalmente cada dos o cuatro a\u00f1os en instalaciones residenciales, anual en instalaciones t\u00e9rmicas de gran potencia). El informe de ensayo (el \u00abbollino blu\u00bb) es obligatorio y lo firma un t\u00e9cnico habilitado. La normativa es m\u00e1s estricta para las instalaciones industriales y para las emisiones a la atm\u00f3sfera seg\u00fan el Decreto Legislativo 152\/2006 (c\u00f3digo ambiental). <\/p>
Aplicaciones industriales<\/h2>
Las aplicaciones industriales son: mantenimiento de calderas civiles e industriales; control de quemadores de hornos industriales (hornos de cocci\u00f3n, hornos de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, hornos sider\u00fargicos); control de emisiones de centrales t\u00e9rmicas de cogeneraci\u00f3n; optimizaci\u00f3n de procesos de combusti\u00f3n (reducci\u00f3n de consumos y emisiones); ensayos de recepci\u00f3n de nuevos quemadores; control de motores de combusti\u00f3n interna (aunque para los motores se emplean analizadores espec\u00edficos); inspecciones ambientales para las autorizaciones de emisi\u00f3n AIA (Autorizaci\u00f3n Ambiental Integrada).<\/p>
Normas de referencia<\/h2>
Las normas principales son: UNI 10389-1 (analizadores de combusti\u00f3n – requisitos); UNI EN 50543 (detectores de CO\/CO2); en Italia, el Decreto del Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica 74\/2013 (instalaciones t\u00e9rmicas); el Decreto Legislativo 152\/2006 y sus modificaciones (c\u00f3digo ambiental, emisiones a la atm\u00f3sfera); EN 14181 (QAL – Quality Assurance Level para sistemas de medici\u00f3n en continuo de emisiones). La calibraci\u00f3n de los analizadores se realiza con mezclas de gas certificadas ISO 17025 de concentraci\u00f3n conocida, normalmente con periodicidad anual o seg\u00fan las indicaciones del fabricante. <\/p>
Criterios de elecci\u00f3n<\/h2>
La selecci\u00f3n del analizador de combusti\u00f3n depende de: los par\u00e1metros que se van a medir (sencillos para el \u00e1mbito residencial = O2\/CO\/T; completos para el industrial = a\u00f1adir NOx, SO2, CO2 NDIR); el rango de concentraci\u00f3n (alto para aplicaciones industriales por encima de 10.000 ppm CO\/NOx); la base de datos de combustibles integrada; la impresora integrada o la conectividad inal\u00e1mbrica para obtener informes inmediatos; el cumplimiento de la UNI 10389-1; la autonom\u00eda de la bater\u00eda para el servicio en obra; un servicio de calibraci\u00f3n trazable ISO 17025.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Analizadores para el control de emisiones de calderas, quemadores e instalaciones industriales (O2, CO, CO2, NOx).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19501,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22283","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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