<\/div>\n
Esponja h\u00fameda (low voltage)<\/h2>
El m\u00e9todo de esponja h\u00fameda utiliza una esponja empapada en agua (eventualmente con un tensioactivo para reducir la tensi\u00f3n superficial) conectada a un polo del equipo; el otro polo se conecta al sustrato met\u00e1lico. Cuando la esponja se desplaza sobre el recubrimiento, en presencia de un poro o discontinuidad el agua penetra hasta el sustrato cerrando el circuito el\u00e9ctrico, y el instrumento emite una se\u00f1al de alarma ac\u00fastica y visual. El m\u00e9todo opera a bajas tensiones (9 a 90 V DC), no da\u00f1a el recubrimiento y se utiliza para espesores finos (hasta 500 \u00b5m). Est\u00e1 normalizado por ASTM D5162 m\u00e9todo A y NACE SP0188 para recubrimientos finos. <\/p>
Alta tensi\u00f3n (spark test)<\/h2>
El m\u00e9todo high voltage holiday detector (HVHD) o spark test utiliza una tensi\u00f3n elevada (1.000 a 30.000 V DC) entre una sonda deslizante (por lo general un cepillo de hilos de acero, haces de cadenas de cobre o un anillo cepillador) y el sustrato met\u00e1lico. Cuando la sonda atraviesa un poro o discontinuidad lo bastante profundo como para alcanzar el sustrato, se produce una descarga el\u00e9ctrica visible (chispa) y el instrumento detecta el flujo de corriente activando la alarma. Se emplea para recubrimientos gruesos (1 a 25 mm) como caucho, pl\u00e1stico y recubrimientos de tuber\u00edas de FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) o 3LPE. La tensi\u00f3n de ensayo se calcula en funci\u00f3n del espesor del recubrimiento seg\u00fan f\u00f3rmulas normalizadas (NACE SP0490, ASTM G62, ISO 29601). <\/p>
Aplicaciones en gasoductos y oleoductos<\/h2>
La aplicaci\u00f3n principal es el control de recubrimientos de conducciones de transporte de hidrocarburos: gasoductos, oleoductos, conducciones de agua potable y redes de saneamiento. El recubrimiento externo (por lo general polietileno de tres capas 3LPE, o FBE, Fusion Bonded Epoxy, o esmalte bituminoso) es fundamental para proteger la conducci\u00f3n de la corrosi\u00f3n del terreno y de la acci\u00f3n galv\u00e1nica con otras estructuras enterradas. Cada metro de tuber\u00eda se escanea con holiday detector antes del enterramiento a fin de localizar y reparar cualquier defecto del recubrimiento. Para conducciones de alta presi\u00f3n, el cumplimiento del procedimiento de ensayo es prescriptivo seg\u00fan normas de producto (ISO 21809). <\/p>
Aplicaciones industriales<\/h2>
Adem\u00e1s de las conducciones, los holiday detectors se utilizan para: dep\u00f3sitos industriales enterrados y a\u00e9reos (con recubrimientos internos anticorrosi\u00f3n para l\u00edquidos); recipientes qu\u00edmicos y farmac\u00e9uticos con revestimiento polim\u00e9rico interno; recubrimientos para suelos industriales (resinas epoxi y poliuret\u00e1nicas); estructuras met\u00e1licas de grandes dimensiones con pintura anticorrosi\u00f3n sobre el sustrato; caucho aplicado a recipientes industriales; recubrimientos para plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales. En aplicaciones de alta criticidad el control se realiza sobre el 100 % de las superficies antes de la puesta en servicio. <\/p>
Normas de referencia<\/h2>
Las normas principales son: NACE SP0188 (Standard Practice, Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive Substrates); NACE SP0490 (Holiday Detection of Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipeline Coatings); ASTM D5162 (low voltage wet sponge); ASTM G62 (high voltage); ISO 29601 (pinturas y barnices, detecci\u00f3n de holidays); EN 14430 (corrosi\u00f3n, recubrimientos para protecci\u00f3n cat\u00f3dica). La calibraci\u00f3n de los instrumentos se realiza peri\u00f3dicamente con calibradores de alta tensi\u00f3n calibrados seg\u00fan ISO 17025 y con man\u00f3metros electr\u00f3nicos de alta precisi\u00f3n. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Holiday detectors de esponja h\u00fameda y alta tensi\u00f3n para la localizaci\u00f3n de poros y discontinuidades en recubrimientos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19517,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20697","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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