<\/div>\n
Sensores y principios de medici\u00f3n<\/h2>
Los termopares aprovechan el efecto Seebeck, que genera una tensi\u00f3n termoel\u00e9ctrica proporcional a la diferencia de temperatura entre la uni\u00f3n caliente y la uni\u00f3n fr\u00eda; los tipos m\u00e1s difundidos son K (cromel-alumel, -200\u00b0\/+1200 \u00b0C), J (hierro-constant\u00e1n, hasta 750 \u00b0C), T (cobre-constant\u00e1n, criog\u00e9nico), y N, S, R y B para altas temperaturas. Las termorresistencias Pt100 y Pt1000 se basan en la variaci\u00f3n de la resistencia el\u00e9ctrica del platino con la temperatura, con excelente linealidad y elevada exactitud (clase A: \u00b10,15 \u00b0C a 0 \u00b0C). Los termistores NTC\/PTC presentan alta sensibilidad pero un campo reducido. Los sensores de infrarrojos miden la radiaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica emitida por el cuerpo (ley de Stefan-Boltzmann) sin contacto, con tiempos de respuesta inferiores al milisegundo. <\/p>
Tipos de instrumentos<\/h2>
La secci\u00f3n re\u00fane term\u00f3metros digitales de sonda con termopares K\/J\/T y Pt100 para mediciones de superficie, inmersi\u00f3n y penetraci\u00f3n, pir\u00f3metros y term\u00f3metros de infrarrojos sin contacto para mediciones puntuales sobre superficies calientes o inaccesibles, c\u00e1maras termogr\u00e1ficas de infrarrojos para inspecci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica y de edificaci\u00f3n, mantenimiento predictivo y diagn\u00f3stico t\u00e9rmico, registradores de temperatura para transporte, almacenamiento, climatizaci\u00f3n, farmacia y alimentaci\u00f3n, sistemas de perfil de horno (oven profile) con registradores de alta resistencia t\u00e9rmica protegidos por barreras aislantes, y term\u00f3metros alimentarios y HACCP, de penetraci\u00f3n y por IR, para cocinas profesionales y producci\u00f3n alimentaria.<\/p>
Aplicaciones industriales<\/h2>
Las aplicaciones abarcan el control de temperatura de proceso en las industrias qu\u00edmica, alimentaria, farmac\u00e9utica, del pl\u00e1stico y del caucho, las verificaciones HACCP en la cadena del fr\u00edo (transporte, almacenamiento, exposici\u00f3n), la monitorizaci\u00f3n de la temperatura de hornos de pintura, pulverizaci\u00f3n, cocci\u00f3n y panificaci\u00f3n, el diagn\u00f3stico t\u00e9rmico de cuadros el\u00e9ctricos y centros de transformaci\u00f3n MT\/BT (b\u00fasqueda de puntos calientes, sobrecalentamientos, desequilibrios), los controles de eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en los edificios (puentes t\u00e9rmicos, p\u00e9rdidas, calidad de los aislamientos), el mantenimiento predictivo de motores, rodamientos y \u00f3rganos mec\u00e1nicos, y la monitorizaci\u00f3n de c\u00e1maras frigor\u00edficas, almacenes farmac\u00e9uticos y archivos.<\/p>
Normas de referencia<\/h2>
La escala internacional de temperatura ITS-90 define los puntos fijos de referencia y los procedimientos de calibraci\u00f3n. Los termopares siguen la IEC 60584 (partes 1, 2, 3) para tolerancias, materiales y prolongaciones, y las Pt100 la IEC 60751. Los pir\u00f3metros IR est\u00e1n regulados por la VDI\/VDE 3511 y por la ASTM E2847. La termograf\u00eda para la inspecci\u00f3n de edificios sigue la UNI EN 13187, para instalaciones el\u00e9ctricas la NETA ATS, y para instalaciones fotovoltaicas la IEC TS 62446-3. La monitorizaci\u00f3n HACCP est\u00e1 regulada por el Reglamento UE 852\/2004 y por la norma UNI EN 13485 para los term\u00f3metros espec\u00edficos. La calibraci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica utiliza ba\u00f1os termost\u00e1ticos, calibradores de bloque seco y cuerpos negros calibrados seg\u00fan ISO 17025. <\/p>
Criterios de elecci\u00f3n<\/h2>
La selecci\u00f3n del instrumento adecuado debe tener en cuenta el rango de temperatura, el tiempo de respuesta requerido, el modo de medici\u00f3n (por contacto o sin contacto), la emisividad del material (para IR), la incertidumbre aceptable, las condiciones ambientales y las necesidades de registro de datos y trazabilidad. Las p\u00e1ginas hijas desarrollan cada familia con detalles t\u00e9cnicos de aplicaci\u00f3n. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Term\u00f3metros port\u00e1tiles, registradores de datos y sistemas de perfil t\u00e9rmico para mediciones puntuales y de proceso.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":18024,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19453","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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