<\/div>\n
Measuring technologies<\/h2>
Electronic levels use MEMS sensors or pendulums with inductive\/capacitive transducers to measure inclination with respect to the horizontal, with resolutions down to 0.2 \u03bcrad (\u22480.04 mm\/m), typical accuracies of \u00b15 \u03bcrad and measuring ranges of \u00b110 mrad. Digital clinometers extend the range to \u00b190\u00b0 or \u00b1180\u00b0 with resolutions of 0.01\u00b0. Precision squares (cylindrical, 90\u00b0, Mahr\/workshop type) and radius gauges are mechanical instruments for fixed angular references. Optical goniometers and laser alignment devices are dedicated to precision measurements on a larger scale. <\/p>
Applications<\/h2>
Electronic levels are used to check the flatness of surface plates by the step method, to measure the straightness of machine tool slideways (grinding lines, boring machines, plotters) and to level high-precision machines and test benches. Digital clinometers are applied in construction, in the steel industry (checking rolling-mill rolls), in the naval sector (checking hull trim) and in mechanical engineering. Squares and radius gauges are used for quick checks of 90\u00b0 angles and to verify the squareness of shafts and pins. <\/p>
Standards and calibration<\/h2>
Electronic levels and clinometers comply with ISO 13225 and DIN 877 for their metrological characteristics. Precision squares are covered by DIN 875, with precision classes 00, 0, 1 and 2. Periodic calibration uses sine tables, precision angle dividers and autocollimators for the absolute angular reference, following ISO 17025 procedures. Checking the flatness of surface plates is carried out with crossed measurements in multiple steps. <\/p>
Selection criteria<\/h2>
The choice depends on the inclination range needed, on the resolution and accuracy required, on the need for digital output and data logging, on portability or fixed installation, on the size of the bearing base (the longer the base, the better the spatial resolution of the measurement) and on the presence of thermal compensation and electronic zero-setting functions. For the Industry 4.0 sector, models with a wireless interface and dedicated software for managing and archiving the measurements are preferable. <\/p>
The use of electronic levels and clinometers is often combined with laser alignment techniques and with CAD-based software for the digital reconstruction of the geometry of the machine or structure, enabling documented and traceable geometric control, which is increasingly required by sector standards and specifications.<\/p>
The straightness of slideways is one of the most frequently requested checks in the preventive maintenance of machine tools: deviations of a few \u03bcm\/m can cause dimensional and geometric defects on the machined parts. Systematic measurement with an electronic level followed by software analysis makes it possible to map the overall deformation of the slideway and to plan corrective action. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Electronic levels, clinometers, precision squares, radius gauges and instruments for measuring angles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19281,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23220","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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