<\/div>\n
Analog pressure gauges<\/h2>
Analog pressure gauges use mechanical sensing elements: the Bourdon tube (a curved metal tube that deforms under pressure, with a linkage connected to the pointer), the diaphragm (for low and differential pressures) and the capsule (for low to medium pressures). They are rugged, self-contained (no electrical power required) and inexpensive, and are widely used throughout industry. Typical accuracy classes are 0.5%\u20131.6% F.S. for industrial models and 0.25% F.S. for precision models. Typical dial diameters are 50, 63, 80, 100 and 150 mm, depending on the legibility required and the space available. <\/p>
Digital pressure gauges<\/h2>
Digital pressure gauges combine electronic sensors (piezoresistive with a silicon diaphragm, capacitive with a ceramic diaphragm, resonant for high accuracy), amplification and linearization electronics, and a numeric or graphic LCD display. The accuracy of professional models reaches 0.025%\u20130.1% F.S., with extended ranges (a single instrument can cover a wide span of pressures). Advanced functions include: max\/min\/avg recording, data logging, USB\/Bluetooth\/WiFi output, GO\/NOGO thresholds, analog output (4\u201320 mA, 0\u201310 V) and digital output (RS-485 Modbus, HART, Profibus) for integration into industrial systems, and unit conversion (bar, psi, kPa, mmHg, mmH2O, atm). <\/p>
Types of pressure<\/h2>
Pressure gauges differ according to the type of pressure measured: gauge pressure (relative to atmospheric pressure, the most widespread in industry); absolute pressure (relative to vacuum, for laboratory and vacuum system applications); differential pressure (between two points, for filters, ventilation and level). Gauges for special applications are certified for: ATEX intrinsic safety in explosive atmospheres; hygienic use in pharmaceutical and food processing (tri-clamp, EHEDG, FDA \u2013 with polished surfaces and crevice-free geometries); chemical resistance with PTFE\/Hastelloy\/titanium diaphragms; high temperature, with glycerin or silicone filling to damp vibration. <\/p>
Applications<\/h2>
Industrial applications are all but universal: hydraulic and oil-hydraulic systems (monitoring the working pressure of pumps, valves, actuators and cylinders); pneumatics (plant compressed-air lines); chemical and petrochemical processing (pressure control of reactors, distillation columns and pipelines); HVAC (air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems); industrial refrigeration (manifold gauge sets for refrigerants); the food and pharmaceutical sector (with sanitary gauges for CIP\/SIP cleaning); automotive and heavy vehicles (gauges for tires, oils and fluids); laboratory testing.<\/p>
Calibration<\/h2>
Pressure gauges are calibrated with: deadweight testers (the primary reference \u2013 calibrated masses on a piston in a cylinder, with the pressure corresponding to weight divided by area); portable pressure calibrators (with a manual or electric pump and a high-class reference sensor); automatic pressure generators (with PID control, for the laboratory). Typical calibration intervals are annual for industrial gauges, six-monthly for precision gauges and on request for primary references. ISO 17025 certificates are required for applications demanding certified accuracy. <\/p>
Reference standards<\/h2>
The main standards are: EN 837-1, 2, 3 (Bourdon tube, diaphragm and capsule gauges); ASME B40.100 (USA \u2013 industrial gauges); OIML R109 (legally controlled pressure gauges); IEC 61326 (EMC for electronic instruments); EN 60079 for ATEX applications; ASME PCC-1 for gauges on pressurized plant. Periodic inspection of safety gauges is required by pressure equipment safety legislation (in Italy, Ministerial Decree 329\/2004 on pressure equipment). <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Digital and mechanical pressure gauges for measuring absolute and gauge pressure in hydraulic, pneumatic and HVAC systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":157040980,"featured_media":0,"parent":19489,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22092","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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